Peru

Foreign tax credit

Pursuant to the PITL, taxpayers may deduct the foreign income taxes paid due to their foreign-source income levied by the PITL, provided that it doesn't exceed the amount that results from applying the average rate of the taxpayer to the incomes obtained abroad, or the tax paid abroad. The amount that, for any circumstance, is not used in the corresponding fiscal year cannot be set off (or compensated) in others fiscal years or be refunded.

As of 1 January 2020, the following will be taken into account:

• Tax credit will be granted for the entire tax paid abroad that falls upon income taxed by the PITL.
• Taxes paid abroad, whatever its denomination, shall bear the characteristics of income taxes.

Taxes paid abroad should be converted to national currency (the taxpayer should apply the average purchase price exchange rate corresponding to 31 December of the fiscal year in which the income was obtained). Since 1 January 2019, specific rules on tax credits were introduced for domiciled entities. As of 2019, domiciled entities will be able to deduct the following taxes as credits (specific requirements will apply):

• Income tax paid or withheld abroad for dividends distributed ('direct credit') by non-domiciled entities ('first level entities').
• Income tax paid abroad for the performance of a business carried out by the first level entities ('indirect first level credit') in proportion of the above-mentioned dividends.
• Income tax paid abroad for the performance of a business carried out by non-domiciled entities that distribute dividends to first level entities, in proportion to such dividends ('indirect second level credit').

Special deduction regime for projects related to scientific research, technological development, and technological innovation

A special deduction regime has been established for projects related to scientific research, technological development, and technological innovation. As of 1 January 2020, taxpayers investing in these projects will be able to deduct the expenses incurred as follows:

• For taxpayers whose net income does not exceeds 2,300 tax units:
  • 240% if the project is executed directly by the taxpayer or through centres of scientific research, technological development, or technological innovation domiciled in Peru.
  • 190% if the project is executed by non-domiciled centres of scientific research, technological development, or technological innovation.
• For taxpayers whose net income exceeds 2,300 tax units:
  • 190% if the project is executed directly by the taxpayer or through centres of scientific research, technological development, or technological innovation domiciled in Peru.
  • 160% if the project is executed by non-domiciled centres of scientific research, technological development, or technological innovation.

The additional deduction cannot exceed an annual limit of 500 tax units in each case. The benefit applies to projects that commence from the law's effective date and are valid until 31 December 2025. For projects qualified within this period but concluding after 31 December 2025, the additional deduction may be applied until 31 December 2027. There are some requirements that must be fulfilled in order to access the benefit.

Early recovery of VAT

Companies in a preoperative stage with large projects in process may apply for early recovery of VAT prior to commencing operations. An investment agreement with the government (the Ministry of its sector) is required.

Among other requirements, companies that carry out investment projects and generate CIT can access the regime if they make an investment commitment of not less than USD 5 million as a total investment amount, including the sum of all stages. 

Stability agreement

Investors may enter into stability agreements with the government, either under the general regime or specific regimes (i.e. mining and petroleum).

Under the general regime, investors may enter into Juridical Stability Agreements that guarantee the following advantages for a ten-year period:

• Stability of the income tax regime in force at the time the agreement is entered into with respect to dividends and profit distribution. The tax rate of the income tax shall be the stabilised income tax rate plus two percentage points.
• Stability of the Peruvian government monetary policy, according to which there is a complete absence of exchange controls, foreign currency can be freely acquired or sold at whatever exchange rate the market offers, and funds can be remitted abroad without any previous authorisation.
• Right of non-discrimination between foreign and local investors.

Under the mining regime, local mining companies may enter into stability agreements of guarantees and investment promotion measures that guarantee the following for 10, 12, or 15 years:

• Stability of the overall tax regime. Investors must pay the stabilised income tax rate in force plus two additional percentage points. 
• Stability of the overall administrative regime.
• Free disposition of funds (foreign currency) arising from export operations.
• No exchange rate discrimination.
• Free trade of products.
• Stability of special regimes for tax refunds, temporary importation, etc.

Oil and gas companies may enter into stability agreements that guarantee the following for the term of the contract:

• Stability of the overall tax regime.
• Free disposition of funds (foreign currency) arising from export operations.
• Free convertibility of its funds.
• Free trade of products.

Investment promotion in the Amazon

Certain tax benefits with regard to VAT and income tax have been established for taxpayers located in the area designated by the law as the ‘Amazon’ and that are engaged in the following activities:

• Agriculture and livestock enterprises.
• Aquaculture.
• Fishing.
• Tourism.
• Manufacturing activities linked to the processing, transformation, and commercialisation of primary products originating in the activities listed above and in forest transformation, provided these products are produced in the area.

Zones of Economic Development 

Zones of Economic Development (also known as ZEE) are geographical areas duly delimited with the custom status of a 'primary zone'. This status generates special tax and custom treatment aimed to generate development through the implementation of International Trade Service Platforms. ZEE are located in Ilo, Matarani, and Paita.

Within ZEE, companies may engage in industrial activities, agribusiness, maquila, assembly, logistics, repair and maintenance of goods, telecommunications, information technology, scientific and technological research and development, and services activities.

Companies established in ZEE are exempt from income tax, VAT, selective consumption tax, excise tax, municipal promotion tax, as well as from any other taxes levied by the Central Government, regional governments, and municipalities, created or to be created, including those that require express exemption regulation, except for labour contributions and fees.

These exemptions apply until 31 December 2042 for ZEE of Ilo, Matarani, and Paita, in accordance with the terms established by applicable legislation.

Private Zones of Economic Development

Private Zones of Economic Development (also known as ZEEP) are geographical areas duly delimited that are created to promote investment, innovation, and competitiveness through a differentiated regime. In contrast with the ZEE, the ZEEP are administered by private companies. 

Qualified operators and users benefit from a reduced tax rate of the corporate income tax with a graduated income tax rate for up to 25 years starting at 0%, as well as a special customs regime. 

New Agricultural Regime

Law No. 32434 has established a new regulatory framework for the agricultural sector, effective as of January 1, 2026, for tax purposes. This regime applies to:

• Small producers primarily engaged in cultivation or farming activities.
• Agricultural companies whose main activity is cultivation or farming.
• Agro-industrial companies operating outside Lima and Callao that predominantly use agricultural products.

Companies are considered to be primarily engaged in agricultural activities only when their non-agricultural income does not exceed 20% of their total annual income. Activities related to wheat, tobacco, oilseeds, oils, and beer are excluded.

The regime establishes a reduced corporate income tax rate of 15% from 2026 through 2035. After 2035, the general corporate tax rate will apply. Additionally, it provides for an accelerated depreciation rate of 20% on investments in irrigation infrastructure.

Tax credit for textile and clothing companies

Taxpayers who mainly carry out activities in the textile and clothing industry will have a tax credit equivalent to 20% of the amount of annual profits reinvested during fiscal years 2024 to 2028. 

Special depreciation regime for textile and clothing companies

A special deduction regime has been established for machinery and equipment of taxpayers who mainly carry out activities in the textile and clothing industry according to the following detail:

• The machinery and equipment acquired in 2024 and 2025 may be depreciated applying a maximum rate of 33.33%.
• The machinery and equipment acquired in 2026, 2027, and 2028 may be depreciated applying a maximum rate of 20%.